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Book 



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UDC.^^ 







i6[ Dig eoods Co. 

ACKNOWLEDGED LEADERS IN THE DRY 
GOODS TRADE OF CHATTANOOGA. 



Tlie Best EpiBDCl s^^t^^t^Ili^^'i^.'tz.s MUiM Store. 



FINE3T DRESSMAKING IN THE CITY. 

Paris, London, Hamburg, New York, and every fashionable center 

in the civilized world has an instant echo here with 

no grace lost, no beauty missing. 



Oi>e Year ;f 



has placed this house at the very lop in 
' eir line of business. They are prepared 
fulhll every promise made. 



THE DOMESTIC AND WASH FABRIC 
DEPARTMENT 
Is measured only by the manufacturer's oui-put. 

THE NOTION DEPARTMENT 

For extent and variety has no superior South 

THEIR DRESSMAKING 

Out-shines all competition. 



ANGIER DRY GOODS CO. 

821 Market and 822 Broad Streets, 
Chattanoooa, XKNNESSKE. 



pescri^tiu^ anil Ifiistorical 

GUIDE 



-TO- 



yhattanee^a 









C"^ 



l/- BY- 



Margaret A, E, Severance, 



i/o/^y 



Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1892. by 

Mrs. Margaret A. E. Severance, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress 

at Washington. 



1892 







A fine view of i\-\e City and Suburbs iTiay be obtaiiied fron^, 

the Dome of tt-\e New Times Building, corqer 

• Georgia Avenue and Giln^er Street, 



PREFACE 



4^5W^N collecting information on the subjects here- 
:^^J| in considered the authoress has only pre- 
(^-^-^ pared for the reader that knowledge acquired 
by careful research and the most valuable in- 
formation furnished by some of the oldest residents 
of Chattanooga: hence all information enclosed within 
these covers is obtained from the most reliable source. 
I have endeavored to present each subject in the 
simplest and purest words of our English language, 
that all who read may obtain a clear conception ot 
the many wonderful attractions about Chattanooga, 
and be correctly guided to e\'ery point of interest. 
The accounts of the battles have been taken 
from works of the most reliable historians and the 
facts that are added have been given to me by those 
who were in these battles. 

To the many friends who have kindly aided me 
in furnishing this little store of valuable knowledge 
to the people of Chattanooga, as well as the travel- 
I return my sincere thanks. 

M. A. E. s. 



INDKX. 



Guide to Lookout Mountain. 

Battle of Chlckamauga 56 

Battle of Chattanooga 58 

Battle Above the Clouds 59 

Battle of Missionary Ridge 6'] 

Cravens' House 65 

Chickamauga Bluff 42 

Geology of the Mountain 14 

Garden of the Gods 34 

History of the Mountain 11 

Health 18 

Location of Interesting Points 5 

Lookout Mountain House 36 

Lulah Lake and Falls 44 

Lookout Water Works 46 

Lookout Mountain Water Works Cave ... 47 

Legend of the Mountain 50 

Natural Bridge Hotel 35 

Origin of Names 9 

Point Lookout 24 

Physical Features 15 

Political Features 17 

Routes: — Chatta. & Lookout Mountain R. R . .19 

Incline 21 

Carriage Route 23 

Roper's Rock 30 

Road to Rock Village and Rock City ... 37 



INDEX. 

Rock Villa^f^e 37 

Rock City 39 

Road to Lulah Lake 44 

Sunset Park 32 

Siamese Twins 35 

The Old U. S. Hospital -41 

Three Routes from the Inn to the Garden of 
the Gods and Sunset Park 31 

Guide to Chattanooga. 

"View from Point Lookout" for Location of 

Historical Points and Suburbs 24 

Hill City, or the Northside 6"j 

For further directions refer to advertisements. 

Guide to Walden's Ridge 

Advantages 74 

Blast Furnace Chimnc}'s 74 

Formation 70 

Hanging Rock 72 

Health and Springs 74 

Loch Lleuella 71 

Rock Houses 72 

Size and Surface 70 

Signal Point 73 

War Incidents 74 



WARJNJING 



Avoid tf-^ose persoqs oq t\\e Mountaiq representing th^emselves as 
Guides. 

TO LOCATE POINTS OF INTEREST 

1 l^e stranger has or|ly to fix iq miqd the cardiqal points, 

Northi, East, South[ and West, aqd this book will direct l^im to any 

point of interest oq this Mouqtaiq. 

REFER TO INDEX. 



GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 



LOCATION OF INTERESTING POINTS. 

Battle Fields of the Battle above the Clouds — The 
slope immediately below Point Lookout on the west 
and north. 

Battery — Three hundred feet south of Point Look- 
out from which Confederate troops shelled General 
Hooker's command while he held Lookout Valley. 

Battery Bragg — Near the Point, was commanded 
by Col. Alexander, of Georgia, and played an im- 
portant part in the siege of the city. It was a three 
gunned battery throwing sixty-four shells, and was 
the only battery used in shelling the city. 

Breast Works — One hundred yards south of Bat- 
tery Bragg used to support the batteries. 

Blozving Springs — On Belt Railroad at the foot 
of the mountain on the eastern side, five miles from 
Chattanooga. From this opening in the. mountain 
a strong cold wind constantly blows. 

Cascade Glen—H^di^ of St. Elmo Turnpike about 
one-fourth of a mile south of Natural Bridge Hotel, is 
one of the finest Glens on the mountain, accessible by 



O GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

the St. Elmo pike, which crosses the glen three times. 

Chickamatiga Bluff — South of Rock City one- 
half mile. The bluff is four hundred feet high, and 
the view overlooking Chickamauga battle field to- 
ward the east is a grand sight. 

Confedefate Signal Station — South-east of the Inn 
about five hundred feet. Used by Confederates to 
signal Missionary Ridge while the Union troops held 
Chattanooga. 

Cravens' House — On Lookout Battle Field one 
thousand feet below Point Lookout on the northern 
slope. 

Eagle Cliff — At Lulah Lakes. 

Fort Stanley — Four hundred feet south of the Inn 
in a good state of preservation and now used as wa- 
ter works. 

Gap — One and a half miles back of the Point. 

Garden of the Gods — About half a mile south- 
west of the Inn on Sunset Park road. 

Grand View — Near Signal Station on the brow. 

High Poi7tt — The highest point on Lookout 
Mountain, nine miles from Point Lookout by an air 
line, fourteen miles by wagon road, 204 feet higher 
than any part of northern end of the mountain. 

Lookout Cave — Entrance on the northern side of 
mountain 'near the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. 
Louis Railroad. 

Lookout Inn — One half a mile south of the Point 
on the eastern brow. 



LOCATION OF INTERESTING POINTS. / 

Lookout Motmtam House — Three-quarters of a mile 
south of the Inn on the eastern brow. 

Lulah Lake and Falls — Seven miles south of 
Point Lookout. A beautiful spot with water fall of 
forty feet into the lake, which is a circular basin ; 
twenty rods below are Lulah Falls 115 feet high. 

Natural Bndge Hotel — The end of the narrow 
gauge railroad, about two miles from the Point. On 
the grounds of Natural Bridge Hotel within a radius 
of five hundred feet are found Natural Bridge, Cave 
Springs, Telephone Rock, and the Old Man of the 
Mountain. 

Observation Rock — On the eastern slope near the 
Battery. 

Pidpit Rock — One hundred feet south of Point 
Lookout. Standing on this rock, Jefferson Davis made 
a speech to his friends while the Union troops were 
making their way into Tennessee through Cumber- 
land Gap. 

Point Park — The northern and eastern por- 
tion of the mountain top. This park contains Point- 
Lookout, Roper's Rock, Umbrella Rock, Table Rock, 
Pulpit Rock, Battery, Observation Rock, Battery 
Bragg, and Breast Works. 

Point Lookout — The northern extremity of Look- 
out Mountain. 

Point Hotel — At the base of Point Lookout. 

Roper's Rock — One hundred feet west of Point 
Lookout. 



5 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

Rock Village —Three miles south of Point Lookout; 
this includes The Sentinels, Twin Sisters, Pedestal 
Rock, Egg Rock, Dome, Glen, and hundreds of 
other curiosities. 

Rock City is a continuation of Rock Village at 
which may be seen the Fat Man's Squeeze, also 
known as the Fat Man's Misery, underground streets, 
grand views, Anvil Rock, and Rock City Bluff over- 
looking the eastern valley. 

Saddle Rock — Not far beyond Grand View on 
eastern brow, within five minutes walk of the Inn. 

Sunset Park — On western brow including Siamese 
Twins, Garden of the Gods, and Sunset Rock. 

Sunset Rock — On the western brow of the moun- 
tain, one and a half miles back of Point Lookout, a 
station on the narrow guage. 

Table Rock — On Point Lookout. 

The Old Man of the Mountain— h.t Natural 
Bridge Hotel, between the spring and the narrow 
gauge. (See Natural Bridge Hotel.) 

Turtle Rock — A few feet south-west of Saddle 
Rock. 

Umbrella Rock — On Point Lookout. 

U. S. Hospital — Grounds overlooking Cascade 
Glen on the road to Rock City. 

Wat Museum — Opposite Lookout Inn. 

Water Works Cave — Three hundred feet from the 
river on the first bench of the mountain nearly oppo- 
site the toe of Moccasin Bend. 



ORIGIN OF NAMES. 9 

ORIGIN OF NAMES. 
Cherokee. — In the early maps all these moun- 
tains around Chattanooga are designated as the Cher- 
okee Mountains. The Tennessee river was also 
known by that name, this being the home cf the 
Cherokee Indians. It has been written ''Currahee" 
which is only a corruption of the name Cherokee. 
The meaning of the Indian word Cherokee is "men 
possessed of divine fire " "Cheera" means men and 
"tahge" means fire. 

Chattanooga is supposed to have been the name 
of Lookout Mountain preceding the advent of the 
Cherokees. 'Squire Cowart says the Cherokees do 
not know this section of the country by any name 
except Wah Clanowah. which is the name of the hill 
across the Tennessee Kiver east of Hill City. The 
name of the city was changed from Ross' Landing to 
Chattanooga in 1836; and the late Jno. P. Long, one 
of the oldest white settlers of this country, always 
claimed that Chattanooga meant "Hawk's Nest." 

A party of educated Indians talking with S. C. 
Dodge said that "nooga" in the Cherokee tongue 
meant "town." That the Cherokee towns were on 
the north side of the river and the Choctaw towns 
were at the foot of Lookout Mountain. The south 
side of the river was therefore called " Choctau- 
nooga," from which Chattanooga is an easy deriva- 
tion. Again, we have the word Chattanooga ex- 



lO GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

pounded from good authority: Chatta, a Cherokee 
word meaning "water," and nooga, a Uchee word, 
meaning * 'fishing." At the mouth of Chattanooga 
creek there was once good fishing, hence it was called 
Chattanooga. 

The name Lookout is not derived from an Indian 
word, but was given to the Lookout Mountain by 
the flatboat people who moved to the '*Mero Dis- 
trict" from the headwaters of the Tennessee. Indians 
from Nickojack (Nigger Jack) and other towns de- 
sirous of plundering movers by flatboats selected this 
point to lookout for descending boats, which was 
generally attacked between the head of the Suck and 
the Little Skillet. These flatboats were built with 
port holes in their sides for defense, and extra 
preparations were made and exercised when the boat- 
men caught sight of the Indian's point of lookout. 
It was generally understood by the "up country" 
people that from this point the Indians could see the 
descending boats twenty miles. Hence it was the 
rule when approaching this point to so regulate the 
run as to get to the *' Indian's lookout " at about 
dawn of day and thereby prevent their approach from 
being discovered, and also have daylight to make the 
dangerous run through the Suck and Pot. 

Chickamauga. — Many years ago a tribe of Indians 
while fighting in Alabama were driven northward and 
constantly routed until they came to the Chickamauga 
valley, where they found peace. They were delight- 



HISTORY OF LOOKOUT. II 

ed with the climate, the soil, and the water, so they 
called it Chickamauga, which means, "It is a good 
country." 

Missionary Ridge is so called because the mission- 
aries, Warchester, Ellsworth, Blount, and Parker, 
from the North, held their schools on this ridge many 
years ago when they taught the Indians. 

Lookout Mountain Inn was named by H. M. 
Wiltse who presented one name among several hun- 
dred and for which he received $io in gold: a prize 
offered for the selection of the name that would be 
accepted and adopted by the Inn Company. 

Chetolah is the name of the first station on the 
Broad Gauge Railroad after you leave the foot of the 
mountain. It is an Indian word, meaning ''sweet 
repose." 

HISTORY. 

There are many evidences that this mountain was 
inhabited by an industrious people prior to the ad- 
vent of the Cherokees. Fine stone implements of 
war and working tools of various descriptions are often 
found. Although the Cherokees say their fathers 
were always here, they cannot account for these rel- 
ics and curious mounds on the mountain. 

For many years Lookout was a part of the great 
hunting grounds of the Cherokee Indians. They 
were clever people when friendly. They were hand- 
some, well-built, and of a brighter red than the 



12 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

Creeks, Chickasaws and other tribes that roamed ov- 
er these mountains. The Cherokees had good homes 
in the valleys, many of them owning slaves and cul- 
tivating the ground. 

The Creeks also occupied this mountain but laid 
no claims on the land. They were smaller than the 
Cherokee, proud and showy in their nature, wearing 
great silver rings in their noses and ears and various 
metal ornaments strung diagonally across their chests. 
As to the location of these minerals in the earth, the 
Indians were very secretive. Ten miles back of 
Point-Lookout on the eastern brow, Wm. Hixon, 
who has been a native of the mountain for sixty 
years, discovered a crucible behind a large rock that 
had fallen or been placed there. The pot was made 
of iron, and lined with fireclay. 

It is thought by many people that a silver mine 
is not far from the place where the crucible was dis- 
covered. With it was found the thigh bone of an In- 
dian as red as a fox squirrel. 

Lookout was included in the Spanish claim of 1780 
and Spain considered the Indians of this mountain 
free and under their protection. In the treaty of 
1789 with Spain, Lookout was a part of the great 
tract of land transferred to the United States and be- 
came a part of the great territory of the South-west. 
This mountain was also included in the 3,500,000 
acres lying south of the Tennessee river ceded by the 
state of Georgia to the Tennessee Company in 1790. 



HISTORY OF LOOKOUT. I 3 

This company offered 500 acres of land to each 
family, and 250 acres to each single man who would 
settle on their lands. But the President of the United 
States issued a proclamation declaring that all who 
ventured to settle on this land would be without the 
protection of the United States government. A few 
days after the treaty of 179 1 a party of Creek In- 
dians were seen on Lookout with fresh white scalps. 
The mountain continued in the possession of the 
Cherokees until 1839 when John Ross, a quarter 
blood Indian who was chief of these tribes many 
years, with other Indians signed a treaty with the 
United States government by which Lookout with 
the rest of their claim east of the Mississippi river be- 
came government land. 

Jas. A. Whiteside purchased of the government 
the northern end of Lookout, as far back as the 
Georgia line. 

He exchanged that part of the east side north of 
the old turnpike road and around the brow, including 
the point, with Robert Cravens for other lands. Ala- 
lone Johnson, who married J. A. Whiteside's daugh- 
ter, fell heir to the east side south of the old turn- 
pike road, and as far back as the gap. 

That portion of the top lying along the eastern 
brow to the point and west to a large tract that is 
known as "Hunt's Property" was sold by Mrs. J. A. 
Whiteside in 1889 to the Lookout Mountain Syn- 
dicate. 



GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

GEOLOGY OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

Directly below the main cliff of this mountain are 
water-worn pebbles that have evidently been round- 
ed by attrition and been cast into the rocks, that 
were then soft, by the action of the waves. Half 
way up the mountain beautiful shells have been found 
imbedded in the pure limestone rock. 

In some great convulsion of nature the rocks were 
rent, the mountains parted, and the confined waters 
found their way to the sea. 

Lookout belongs to the carboniferous age. It is 
a part of the Cumberland Coal Fields, though no coal 
has ever been found at the north end or point. Yet 
the strata of slate, fireclay, and sand-stone all indicate 
its presence. Valuable coal fields have been discov- 
ered about ten miles back of the point to which 
a railroad is now being built. This will be known as 
the Lookout & Chickamauga Railway. 

Lookout differs in several particulars from the 
main Cumberland range. What is called the first, 
second, etc., bluffs or cliffs are not so easily distin- 
quished as on the other Cumberland mountains. Oft- 
en but one bluff or cliff is found all apparently having 
run together. This one cliff corresponds to what on 
the other Cumberland mountains is known as the 
main bluff, but is much thicker, often being for miles 
impalpable and is a sandstone, whereas the corres- 
ponding bluff of the Cumberland is a conglomerate. 



PHYSICAL FEATURES. I 5 

Another difference in physical appearance is that 
Lookout is not, strictly speaking, a tableland. Its 
surface is broken into hills, ridges and ravines. For 
five or six hundred feet of its base it is almost a solid 
carboniferous limestone, through the crevices of 
which the water from the upper portion has for ages 
percolated causing in many places immense caverns, 
some of Avhich have openings near the foot and have 
been explored for considerable distance. 

The top or cap rock is a true conglomerate. It 
is above, or within a very short distance of the sur- 
face. Hence it has but very little soil and its timbers 
are dwarfed or scrubby and not very dense. While 
fruit and vegetables seem adapted to its soil, which is 
very light and sandy it is not suitable for farming pur- 
poses, the soil being too open and porous to admit of 
stimulents. Hence the mountain has never had a 
very large population. 



PHYSICAL FEATURES. 

Lookout Mountain has become a most famous 
resort for invalids, tourists, travelers and sight-seers, 
as well as a summer residence for all who wish to 
avoid the heat and dust of the city. 

It belongs to the Cumberland Mountains, ex 
tending northeast and southwest into the southeast 
corner of the State of Tennessee, across the north- 
west corner of Georgia and into the northeastern part 
of Alabama, where it is lost among the sloping hills. 



l6 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

The northeastern end is two and one-half miles south- 
west of the city of Chattanooga. The mountain is 
eighty-five miles long and at the top varies in width 
from a few hundred yards to several miles. 

The grandest view of the ridges, hills and ravines 
of the top of the mountain, as well as the highest peak, 
can be best viewed from the observatory of the Inn. 

Looking toward the southwest you can see the 
highest point of the mountain nine miles back rising 
204 feet higher than any part of the northern end. 
It is called High Point. 

The undulated surface of the mountain slopes 
gently toward the north, terminating in a bold, rug- 
ged rock called Point Lookout. 

Beautiful springs of clear freestone, as well as 
chalybeate and other mineral waters, are scattered 
over the surface of the mountain. Many lovely 
streams that as yet have received no names, glide 
over the top or dash wildly over the hills and down 
the mountain side. 

Rock River is the name of a small stream taking 
its course from springs about ten miles back on the 
mountain, rushing over its rocky bed it is joined in 
its rapid flight by another small mountain stream 
called Long Branch, then it hurries on down a 
ravine to form Woodbine Falls, Lulah Lake and the 
smooth shining Lulah F'alls dashes on the rugged 
rocks three hundred feet below and hurries down the 
mountain side. 



POLITICAL FEATURES. 1/ 

An excellent and abundant water supply has 
been procurea by drilling sixty-five feet into the side 
of the mountain where the top of a heavy fall of water 
was reached in the Lookout Water Works Cave, 
turned into pipes, and pumped into the large stand- 
pipe a few feet from the Inn. 

Little River takes its rise among the springs on 
the southern part of Lookout Mountain, gathering 
the waters from many tributaries in its course of forty 
miles. It dashes wildly down deep ravines and over 
immense bowlders on the side of the mountain form- 
ing a long succession of. rapids, falling ninety feet at 
DeSota Falls, and at many other places the falls are 
sixty feet high. Flowing across the valley it finds its 
way into Coosa River. 

The southern portion of the mountain is well 
watered and rich in excellent coking coal. 

Some of the most wonderful caverns ever found 
on the continent have been discovered in this moun- 
tain and many of them explored. 



POLITICAL FEATURES. 

On the top at the northern end of the mountain 
stands a village called Summertown before and after 
the war, but what is now known as Lookout. It has 
recently been incorporated and has regular village 
government, so that strangers may be assured of all 
lawful protection in person and property. 



1 8 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

An excellent supply of electric and gas lighting 
for houses and streets, which was provided when 
Lookoirt Inn was built, impart to the pretty plateau, 
with its shaded streets and roadways, its parks and 
lovely cottages, quite a metropolitan air. 



HEALTH. 



Lookout Mountain as a health and summer resort 
is fast becoming famous, all over the United States. 
Thousands of tourists visit here every summer and 
invalids from both North and South come to this 
mountain during the hot season for the benefits to be 
derived from the pure, bracing air, and cool delight- 
ful nights. It is above all malaria, away from the 
dust and smoke of the city, in fact a haven of rest for 
the tired and worn business man as well as those seek- 
ing health. 

Many who have recovered health and strength 
from pulmonary diseases, asthma, and hay fever, while 
on this mountain, now reside here permanently. It 
is only a question of time when this mountain will 
become a pouplar winter resort. There is no reason 
why it should not be as much so as Ashville, N. C, 
the climate during the winter months being much the 
same and somewhat milder on Lookout Mountain. 

Many asthmatics who have suffered for years, 
unable to lie down or rest at night from this dreadful 
disease, have here found almost immediate relief; and 



ROUTES. 19 

after a few days there comes the sweet repose so long 
denied them, so welcome to those who suffer from 
this terrible affliction. 



ROUTES. 

THE CHATTANOOGA & LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN RAILROAD. 

This is a broad-gauge road from the Georgia 
Avenue Depot to the Lookout Inn, and is fifteen 
miles in length. 

The road rises in about six miles, sixteen hundred 
feet above the valley, and in making the ascent the 
passenger is treated to one of the grandest series of 
scenes Nature and Art ever spread before the eyes of 
man. 

Taking the Mountain dummy at the Georgia 
Avenue Depot, you are carried, in a few minutes, to 
the Mountain Junction, where there is a country 
store or two, and a few quiet cottages and gardens. 
Here your engine will cut loose and hurry away, but 
a climbing locomotive seizes the rear of your coach, 
and you are hurried away over the steady ascent that 
leads to the top of Lookout Mountain. 

The little suburb nestled on the out-lying foot- 
hills at the side of the mountain is St. Elmo and 
takes its name from the novel written by Augusta 
Evans, while visiting here. The mountain throws its 
blue shadows over this quiet vale as early as four 
o'clock in the evening. It is the oldest suburb of 



20 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

Chattanooga, and a favorite location for residences. 

Forest Hills Cemetery lies very near this suburb. 
It is a beautiful tract of one hundred and fifteen acres. 

Soon the view begins to widen, the city and its 
suburbs are seen through wooded vistas in the fore- 
ground; the river winding among the hills far above 
the city; the alternation of fields and forest over the 
plain southward; the billowy mountain ranges to the 
east and north with their foot hills and wooded slopes 
all come, before your view as you are hurried away 
up the mountain side at the rate of twenty miles an 
hour. A few moments later you pass Chetolah, the 
first station after leaving the foot of the mountain, 
and Cravens' Terrace. The ascent steepens : the ride 
becomes more thrilling and exciting every minute. 
The city disappears from your view as the train bears 
you across the front and around the western side of 
the mountain. Suddenly the engine comes to a stop, 
panting and puffing like a living thing. You are now at 
the switch-back. In a moment more the iron horse is 
hitched to the rear of your coach and you are hurried 
away in an opposite direction, soon to be brought 
into the field of the far-famed ''Battle Above the 
Clouds." 

It is the Point Hotel that stands so boldly 
out on the rocks towering so high above you. Its 
broad porches are on every side and afford a magnifi- 
cent view of the surrounding country. 

The trestle under which you pass is the Incline 



THE INCLINE. 21 

Railway. Its cars pass over your head at right an- 
gles to the road you are on. 

Following the bend of the mountain, you are again 
on the eastern slope. Far beneath you is the quiet 
suburb of St. Elmo through which you passed at the 
beginning of your upward flight. 

Away to the eastward, new and charming scenes 
break upon your vision as you overlook the famous 
battle fields of Missionary Ridge and Chickamauga. 

Now you are nearly done climbing. 

The train rounds the bluff and halts at the Look- 
out Mountain House, Ross avenue, Stone's Cottage, 
Natural Bridge, Glen View, Clift's, Hunt's, and Sun- 
set Rock stations. 

Still on and upward the iron charger makes its 
way panting and snorting with its last efforts and in 
two minutes more you are at the end of the line. As 
you alight, on the height before you stands the cele- 
brated Lookout Inn, a magnificent structure facing 
on the eastern brow with broad porches and pillars of 
stone. 

A long flight of broad steps gradually ascend 
through the center of the green sloping lawn, an in- 
viting home for the tourist. 

THE INCLINE. 

The electric car leaves the corner of Seventh and 
Broad streets every ten minutes, passes the Read and 
Southern hotels carrying you out of the city and over 
a small iron bridge that spans Chattanooga creek, 



22 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

thence to St. Elmo, three miles from the city, where 
you make connection with another car that will 
transfer you to the depot of the Incline. Here is the 
place to purchase your ticket. Half way up the 
mountain you reach a switch where the descending- 
car passes you. Five minutes will bring you to the 
top of the Incline, which is 4,500 feet long. The 
Incline is steep, but under most excellent management 
and the ride is a safe one. 

This brings you to the Point Hotel. You can 
take a view of the valley from the spacious porches 
on every side. You can climb Roper's Rock by the 
steps at the rear of the hotel that lead to the Point or 
take the Narrow Gauge, which will carry you to the 
Inn Station, Sunset Park Station, and Natural Bridge 
Hotel. If you wish to go to the Lookout Inn stop 
at the Inn Station, climb the bluff, and walking a 
short distance toward the right will bring you to the 
Inn. Or if you would continue your ride, a few mo- 
ments will bring you to Sunset Park Station, where 
you may stop as long as you like. The same ticket 
will carry you through to the end of the line, which 
is at Natural Bridge Hotel, one mile southwest of the 
Inn and two miles from the Point Hotel. At Sunset 
Park a magnificent view can be secured on Sunset 
Rock. The Grotto, Garden of the Gods, Siamese 
Twin, and many other interesting formations are in 
this vicinity. 

If you continue your ride to Natural Bridge 



THE CARRIAGE ROUTE. 23 

Hotel follow the path in front of you as you alight 
from the coach. It will lead you to the hotel. Here 
within a few yards of each other may be seen the Old 
Man of the Mountain, Natural Bridge, and Telephone 
Rock, all of which are described in this book under 
the head of Natural Bridge Hotel. 

THE CARRIAGE ROUTE. 

If you wish to drive up the mountain, take a 
carriage early in the morning as the ride will prove 
more pleasant than at any other time of day. Drive 
down Whiteside street past the Rolling Mill and the 
Stove and Pipe works, and cross the iron bridge that 
spans Chattanooga creek. On your right is a fine 
view of the eastern side and the bald head of Look- 
out clearly divined against the western skies By 
gradual ascent at the foot of the mountain you will 
soon obtain a grand view of the valley below. The 
ascent continues gradual until you reach the bluff that 
overlooks Cascade Glen. If you will stop but a mo- 
ment and look around, the scene you will find is 
indescribably lovely. Then drive down to the bridge 
that crosses the rushing brook. It is a pretty sight 
as it dashes over its rocky bed. Follow the main road 
into the valley beyond strewed with wild flowers that 
as they lift their pretty heads and lend a fragrance to 
the pure morning air. The ascent grows steeper as 
you pass in full view of the glen. Drive to the little 
rise of ground beyond and here you reach the regular 
mountain road. The view is wild, grand, and beauti- 



24 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

fill. By looking back you can see the pretty brook 
over which you have passed rushing down the side of 
the mountain and around immense bowlders You 
lose sight of it beyond the bridge as the foliage is so 
dense the brook is hidden from your view. 

Toward the south, and above, you can see the 
ruins of the U. S hospital that stands out on a lofty 
spur of the mountain. 

The air grows purer and cooler as you ascend. It 
will take fully two hours to make the trip. 



VIEW FROM THE POINT. 

Your first visit on the mountain should be on 
the bold crags of Point Lookout, one thousand seven 
hundred feet above the surrounding country and two 
thousand two hundred feet above the sea. 

It is but a few moments walk from the Inn on 
the main road leading to the north. Entering the 
gateway at Point Park and following the path, a prom- 
inent rock is seen to your right on the eastern brow 
which is called Observation Rock. 

Where the path descends and becomes rocky, 
you will see the breastworks of the Confederates in a 
very good state of preservation. 

»Do not stop to view the country until you de- 
scend to the edge of rocks at the point, and stand at 
the right of Umbrella Rock, which is a large mass of 
sand-stone resembling an umbrella. 



VIEW FROM THE POINT. 

On the slopin< 



25 



land immediately below you are 
the grounds of the Battle above the Clouds, the Cra- 
vens' House, and the Old Cravens' Road leading to 
the east side of the mountain. 




Umbrella Rock. — Lookout Mountalv. 

The smiling valleys, the sloping hills, and the 
rugged mountains that raise their proud heads high 
against the sky, blend in one bright glorious pano- 
rama. Far in the north-east the Tennessee river, 



26 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

shining like a silver thread, winds its way among the 
hills ; nearer it makes a graceful sweep around the 
city striking the foot of the mountain on which you 
stand, then turns abruptly, caresses the mountain's 
side and rushes away; its course forming a perfect 
Indian moccasin that is called Moccasin Bend, lying 
in the valley directly in front of you. The heel, the 
toe and the ankle are very perfect. 

On this point of land are found quantities of 
stone arrow-heads, stone hammers, and paint bowls 
evidently the work of a people that inhabited this 
country before the Cherokees. 

At this bend and across into Lookout Valley 
west of the mountain was Hooker's headquarters be- 
fore the Battle Above the Clouds. 

The river divides at Williams Island north-west of 
you, but its waters soon unite and gathers strength 
to rush madly through the "Suck," eight miles be- 
yond. 

Directly north of you at the ankle of the Moc- 
casin is Cameron Hill, three hundred feet high, on 
which Fort Cameron stood. The east side of the 
hill was covered wdth earth-works as late as 1884 

Looking into the city, not far from you, toward 
the north-east you see a little raise of ground on 
which the new marble Custom-House now stands. It 
is known as Stone Fort, but was once called Bald 
Hill, so named by the first white settlers of this coun- 
try, because no trees grew on it, while everywhere 



VIEWS FROM THE POINT. 2^ 

about the valley were tall hickories and rugged oaks. 
A little ridge extended east and west across this hill, 
on which the first white settlers noticed large spots of 
ashes, where brush-heaps had been burned. On re- 
moving the ashes, and lifting the large stones, they 
discovered heaps of Indian bones neatly laid togeth- 
er Nature had supplied the sides and bottoms of 
these small graves, and the Indians had rudely fitted 
the ends and tops. The brush was probably burned 
to cover the traces of their work, or as watch fires 
for the departed souls. 

Looking north-east you see the United States flag 
floating over the National Cemetery where over 
thirteen thousand Union soldiers are buried. 

Beyond the flag is a rise of ground called Orch- 
ard Knob which was the head-quarters of General 
Grant. In the north-east corner of the city beyond the 
City Cemetery, is the Confederate Cemetery. It con- 
tains one thousand five hundred Confederate soldiers. 

Beyond the Confederate Cemetery in the dis- 
tance you can see Sherman's Hill. The piers of the 
Cincinnati Railroad mark the place where Sherman 
crossed the river and scaled the heights the morning 
of the Battle of Missionary Ridge. 

Looking far into the north-east your vision en- 
counters the lofty mountains of the Cohutta, the 
Frog, and the Chilhowee, while beyond to the east the 
Blue Mountains of North Carolina tower their lofty 
peaks. 



28 



GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

ridcre of land extendinp- north 



The prominent 
and south against the eastern sky is called Missionary 
Ridge. A tall lonely tree on the top of this ridge 
marks the situation of Bragg's headquarters. 

Look to the south-east, far back on Missionary 
Ridge you will see Rossville Gap, and the moun- 




Saddle Rock. — Lookout Mountain. 

tains through which Sherman marched and fought his 
way to Atlanta. 

Beyond this Gap is the Chickamauga Battle Field. 

The valley between you and Missionary Ridge 
is the Chattanooga valley with the city at the head of 



SUBURBS SEEN FROM THE POINT. 2g 

it and the creek of that name flowing through, enter- 
ing the Tennessee river just south of the city. 

Pass around to the west side of the Umbrella. 
Follow the path about one hundred feet, and you are 
standing on Roper's Rock. The west side of the 
field of the Battle Above the Clouds is on the slope 
immediately below you. On these grounds General 
Sevier, near the close of the last century, met the 
Cherokees in a fierce fight over whom he gained a 
complete victory. 

Below at the foot of the mountain on the west 
is Lookout Valley 

The pretty stream that flows through it is called 
by the same name, and flows into the Tennessee river 
a short distance below Chattanooga. Beyond is 
the Raccoon Mountain. Farther so-uth is Wauhatchie 
and Sand Mountain. Looking northward beyond 
the gorge made by the Tennessee river is Walden's 
Ridge and in the distance you can see the blue peaks 
of the Cumberland Mountains. 

Seven states are seen from this high point of ob- 
servation: Tennessee, North Carolina, and South 
Carolina toward the east; Virginia in the distant 
north-east; in the far north is Kentucky; south of 
you is Georgia and to the south-west Alabama. 

SUBURBS SEEN FROM THE POINT. 
The suburb lying on the breast of Missionary 
Ridge is called Ridgedale. On the northern extrem- 



30 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

ity of Missionary Ridge you can detect, by looking 
carefully through the green foliage, the spires and 
cottages of Sherman Heights, the most remote suburb 
of Chattanooga. Still beyond is the village of Boyce, 
at the junction of the Cincinnati Southern, and West- 
ern & Atlantic Railroad. Looking in the same direc- 
tion close to the city is Stanley Town, a suburb set 
apart for the negro. 

Near the hill called Orchard Knob is the suburb 
known by the same name, the hill having been re- 
served for a park. To the right of this is the suburb 
of Highland Park. Across the Tennessee River is 
the suburb called Hill City. And toward the east is 
the favorite valley summer resort known as East 
Lake, while St Elmo nestles beneath you at the foot 
of the mountain. 



ROPER'S ROCK. 

Roper's Rock, one hundred feet west of Point 
Lookout and forming a part of it, stands back of 
Point Hotel. This rock, one hundred and twenty 
feet high, derives its name from an accident that be- 
fell William Roper in March, 1865, which cost him 
his life. 

Roper was at the time, in the employ of Mr. 
Linn the photographer on the Point. During the 
war he belonged to Company C, 78th Pennsylvania 
Volunteer Infantry. He was a married man with one 
child, a son. Mr. Linn, reports him as a careless 



THREE ROUTES TO SUNSET PARK. 3 I 

person, whom he had often warned when standing too 
near the edges of the rocks. While talking to a 
daughter of Mr. Guber. who lived on the mountain, 
he heedlessly stepped from the edge of the rock. 
Immediately he threw his hands up to catch himself, 
but failing to secure a hold was dashed on the rocks 
below. Death was instantaneous Strange to relate 
there was not a bruise to be seen on his body, but 
his bones were badly broken and crushed. His heart 
was driven to the right side, burst open, and other 
internal organs mangled into an unrecognizable mass. 
It was here also that Captain Wilson, of the 8th 
Kentucky Infantry, with five other Union soldiers, 
scaled the heights and planted the flag on Point Look- 
out November 25, 1863. 

Before you retrace your steps enter the gallery 
where you may get views of every beautiful spot, and 
prominent rock on the mountain. As you return you 
can get a glimpse of Chattanooga Valley from Obser- 
vation Rock on the eastern brow near the Confederate 
breastworks. 



THREE ROUTES FROM THE INN TO THE 
GARDEN OF THE GODS AND SUNSET PARK 
The main road leading southwest from the Inn 
will bring you to the Garden of the Gods and Sunset 
Park. Or if you would make an easy trip while 
you are at the Point, descend the steps that lead 
down Roper's Rock to the rear of the Point Hotel, 



32 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

board the Narrow Gauge, which will carry you over 
high trestles along the western brow to Sunset Sta- 
tion, Or you can easily find the road that leads 
around to the left from the Inn to the Inn Station, if 
you wish to start from Lookout Inn. 



SUNSET PARK. 
Sunset Park is a charming spot covering a tract of 
one hundred acres, full of shady nooks, quiet retreats, 
and pleasant drives. A path will lead you from Sun- 
set Station to Sunset Rock, three hundred feet high, 
where a photograph gallery is stationed. It was from 
this point the Confederates watched the manceuvering 
for the relief of the garrison at Chattanooga. Here 
also may be seen the most glorious sunsets that occur 
in any part of the world. The sun descends regu- 
larly with a slow and steady march toward the distant 
horizon, lighting the clouds that hang in the western 
sky with every tint of the rainbow. The more dense 
the cloud the deeper and richer its hue. Often they 
separate and roll away from the fiery king, revealing 
their delicate linings of purple and gold. Then ex- 
panding they seem to spread themselves far back 
against the sky, their ragged edges fringed with the 
brightest hues. The sun sinking in the purple 
distance rests a moment on the lofty peaks of the 
Cumberland to give one parting look at the glory he 
has brought to earth and seems to throw his rays far- 
ther and yet farther over the illuminated sky. 



SUNSET PARK. 33 

Then descending till half its disc is hidden from 
your view it suddenly drops out of sight. The heav- 
ens grow deeper and even richer in color for a mo- 
ment, then the earth grows darker and the mountains 




Sunset Rock. — Lookout Mountain. 

begin, at last, to throw their blue shadows over the 
valleys. 

Ascending and turning to the left from Sunset 
Rock is a romantic spot called The Grotto, one of the 



34 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

most beautiful and quiet retreats of the mountain. 
A few steps beyond Sunset Station on the right is 
a path leading to the Garden of the Gods, 



GARDEN OF THE GODS. 

In this sacred spot are many curious formations 
of sandstone. 

Two huge masses have stood in close proximity so 
firmly by each other through all kinds of weather 
that they have been appropriately named Damon and 
Pythias. A stairway leads to the top of Pythias and 
the two old friends are connected by a rustic bridge. 

Noah's Ark stands alone, opposite Damon and 
Pythias, and resembles an immense ark. 

Another is called Basin Rock on account of the 
large basin on its left. 

Canopy Rock and Mohamet's Tomb are near 
Basin Rock. 

The Eighth Wonder of the World stands near the 
precipice and is one of the most peculiar formations 
that has ever been found in the world. 

The Devil's Fire Place is near the Eighth Won- 
der of the World. It may be seen by looking down 
the precipice, A few feet below is an immense rock 
spanning the awful descent to the earth. The rugged 
side of the mountain below forms the large fire place 
and the mountain with the bridge forms the flue. 

Snake Head Rock is at the right of the Devil's 
Fire Place. This rock forms a perfect head and neck 



NATURAL BRIDGE HOTEL. 35 

of a monstrous serpent. It projects some distance 
beyond the surrounding rocks and can be plainly 
seen from Sunset Rock. 



SIAMESE TWINS, 

Are situated about fifty yards beyond Sunset 
Station on the right. They are two large trees con- 
nected by a horizontal limb about ten feet from the 
ground. 

Returning to Sunset Station take the Narrow 
Gauge to the Natural Bridge Hotel. 



NATURAL BRIDGE HOTEL. 

This is the property of the Southern Spiritual- 
ist Association. It is situated near the Broad Gauge 
and at the end of the Narrow Gauge railroad. Every 
summer the Spiritualists hold their meetings in 
their amphitheatre on these grounds, and occupy 
the surrounding cottages This is also the location 
of the first school founded on Lookout by Prof Von 
Alderhoff in about 1850. The building in which the 
school was held has been torn down, but the old part 
of the hotel, which is the upright, was the Professor's 
private residence. This institution prospered well 
until the Confederates evacuated the mountain in 
1863, when Prof Von Alderhoff moved his apparatus 
to Atlanta. 

There are three interesting curiosities at the 
Natural Bridge Hotel. If you walk down the green 



36 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

slope to the spring near the House and look up you 
have the finest view of the Old Man of the Moun- 
tain, which is a high projecting rock. It has a most 
striking resemblance to a side view of an old man's 
face. Beyond to the left, between the amphitheater 
and where you now stand in a httle ravine you will 
find a bridge of rock fifteen feet high and sixty feet 
long, this is the Natural Bridge, beneath is a spring 
of fresh mountain water. Search carefully and you 
will find Uncle Sam's Letter Box and the Lion's 
Mouth. 

Telephone Rock is but a few yarcfs to the left of 
this bridge, a huge rock pierced by a small hole. In 
speaking through this hole the voice at the opposite 
end sounds like a voice coming over a telephone. 



LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN HOUSE 
Is situated three-quarters of a mile from the Inn on 
the eastern brow. Near the road which leads from 
the Inn to the Lookout Mountain House may be seen 
Saddle, and Turtle Rocks on the left. 

A wonderful phenomenon of nature is often seen 
here before sunrise when a fog is dense in the valley. 
This can be viewed best from the bluff near by, on 
which stands a pretty summer house. The sky may 
be clear and blue, but below in every direction as far 
as the eye can see the gray fog rises and appears like 
a vast ocean rolling restlessly about. In the distance 
the higher peaks of the Cumberland Mountains, lifting 



ROCK VILLAGE. 37 

their heads above the fog, appear Hke small islands in 
the ocean. In the distant east the sky reddens, re- 
flecting its brightness on the misty sea. When the 
sun rises over Missionary Ridge the mist whitens, 
rises in great billows, and presently is cleared away. 
While watching this strange phenomenon the observer 
is struck with the same indescribable depth of feeling 
that he experiences when first he looks upon the sea. 



ROAD TO ROCK VILLAGE AND ROCK CITY. 
Rock Village and Rock City are situated on the 
eastern brow nearly four miles from Lookout Inn. 
The road is rough and rugged with an occasional 
sandy strip, but you will not mind the rough ride ; it 
will increase your appetite and give color to your 
cheek. Following the main road you pass the ruins 
of an immense structure which was a hospital during 
the war and afterwards used as an institute of learning. 



ROCK VILLAGE. 
Leaving the main road on the left you can enter 
Rock Village by walking through a gateway formed 
by two rocks fifty feet apart and sixty feet high. 
These rocks at the top are cone-shaped. (Send your 
carriage on to the farther end of the village.) As you 
enter, the Witches Grotto is at your left. A round 
flat stone under the broken arch is called the Table. 
Then you enter the Coliseum filled with ruins lying 
about in confusion. 



38 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

If you would like a cool drink of fresh freestone 
water walk down the gravel path to the spring. Look 
carefully about and you will soon find the entrance to 
Payne's Ravine on the left, its giant walls pierced by 




Twin Sisters.— Lookout Mountain. 



numerous caves. Below you toward the right, 
you look over the rugged slope of the mountain, is 
the green and leafy valley. 

On your return you may pass between two similar 



ROCK CITY. 39 

conglomerate rocks called the Twin Sisters, thirty feet 
high. All of these huge masses of sandstone are in 
parallel layers of hard and soft sand that differ in 
shade. Pedestal Rock, which weighs two hundred 
tons, is fifteen feet high and rests upon two small 
supports There is the Ostrich Egg, or Egg Rock, 
that the soldiers turned over while camping here. 

Now you may enter your carriage and drive on to 
Rock City. 

ROCK CITY. 

These we're the camping grounds used first by the 
Confederates and then by the Union troops. The 
old breastworks and forts are still there in a very 
good state of preservation. Rock City consists of a 
mass of sandstone sixty or seventy feet in height and 
covering a square of half a mile. This mass of stone 
is broken by long abrupt openings, which is prob- 
ably the result of some great convulsion of nature. 
The Sentinels stand near the wagon road at the north- 
ern entrance of Rock City. They are about sixty- 
five feet high, fifty feet in diameter, and stand about 
forty feet apart. One mass of rock that has slipped 
off rests on one side and forms a portion of the base 
of one Sentinel. The Grand Corridor is the name of 
the narrow passage that is the entrance to Rock City. 
Its walls tower sixty feet over your head, leaning 
close together at the top. As you walk over the fine 
white sand of the narrow streets, looking up you 



40 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

can only see a narrow, irregular strip of blue sky. 

You can easily find the long street that leads to 
the Fat Man's Misery. Ascending the rocky steep 
at the end of this street you will be obliged to squeeze 
through this narrow pass, which will soon bring you 
to the top of the bluff, three hundred feet high, where 
you have a magnificent view of the wild mountain 
scenery. 

If you do not make this pass you are put to con- 
siderable inconvenience, as you will be obliged to re- 
turn by the underground streets through which you 
came. But if you can get through yOu are well 
repaid for your pains by the glorious view obtained 
of Chattanooga Valley, the city. Missionary Ridge, 
Chickamauga Battle Field and the top of Lookout to 
the north and south. 

Beneath that hanging rock, you can rest on the 
stone seats scattered about. This is called the Smok- 
ing Parlor. 

Rock City Avenue is below you. The gateway 
is narrow and as you enter you will find the avenue 
well shaded with elm and poplar trees. Several other 
streets open into this avenue through the high walls 
of sandstone and little streams of pure spring water 
cross the avenue in several places. Anvil Rock is 
situated about three hundred feet from the southern 
entrance of this avenue through which you may make 
your exit. 



OLD UNITED STATES HOSPITAL. 4 1 

THE OLD UNITED STATES HOSPITAL. 

The ruins of the United States Hospital are situat- 
ed about three miles from the Inn on the Rock City 
road. It was built under the supervision of Gen. 
Thomas in 1864-5 ^^ an expense of two hundred and 
eighty five thousand dollars. It was an immense 
wooden structure used for a hospital during the war. 

In 1866, Christopher F. Roberts, of New York, 
bought land on Missionary Ridge on Avhich to found 
an institution of learning but was persuaded to buy 
this old Hospital instead, which he fitted up for 
his Institute, at an expense of forty thousand dol- 
lars The land on which it stood was sold to him for 
a trifle. This school was incorporated with full col- 
legiate powers by the Legislature of Tennessee in 
1866, and opened in May of that year. It was called 
the Lookout Mountain Educational Institute and 
afforded a wide range of studies. This institution 
furnished a thorough education under the best meth- 
ods of instruction for those days and was under no 
sectarian control. Students came from every direc- 
tion and distant localities to this seat of learning. 
Males and females were admitted who were as cne 
family in their literary and religious exercises and in 
the dining room under the constant oversight of 
teachers. The right wing was appropriated to the 
Female Department and the left wing to the Male 
Department. 



42 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

Time proved that the title of the land on which 
this Hospital stood was not clear. Suit was brought 
against Professor Roberts. On account of this he 
abandoned the enterprise iii 1872, removed his appa- 
ratus to Constantinople, where he founded a school 
that cost one million dollars. 



CHICKAMAUGA BLUFF. 

Chickamauga Bluff is only a mile from where you 
now stand ; you would miss the rarest scenery of the 
mountain if you did not drive there. A stream of 
sparkling water dashes over a rocky height of four 
hundred feet in a succession of rapids. The land is 
high on either side, and the falls can scarcely be seen 
for the overhanging trees and shrubbery. Look to 
the southwest only half a mile beyond and you will see 
Georgia Glen. This is a perfect fairy land in May 
when the rhododendron with its large magnolia leaf 
blooms in great profusion. 

A fine view of High Point, the highest point on 
the mountain, is obtained from Chickamauga Bluff. 
It is in Georgia, on the east side of the mountain. 
This point is nearly nine miles from the Inn, and 
stands two hundred and four feet higher than any part 
of the mountain in Tennessee. 

Looking directly south you see a high fall of 
water gleaming like a stream of silver in the sunlight; 
this is Lulah Falls, the outlet of Lulah Lake. The 
end of the bluff that rises high above Lulah Falls is 



CHICKAMAUGA BLUFF. , 43 

called Eagle Cliff. The scenery is wild and beautiful 
in every direction. There is no road leading from 
Chickamauga Bluff to Lulah Lake. You would do 
well to return and take another day for the trip to 




The Valley as seen from Chickamauga Bluff.— Lookout Mountain. 

the Lake. Or if you wish to continue your journey 
you must drive back to Rock City, pass between 
the ruined chimneys of the camping grounds, and take 
the upper right hand road which leads to Lulah Lake. 



44 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

ROAD TO LULAH LAKE. 
After driving a short distance you will find Geor- 
gia Chalybeate Springs, near the road side, in which 
you may dip your cups for a refreshing drink. Soon 
you reach Jackson Hill, from which you get an excel- 
lent view of the valleys on either side, as the moun- 
tain is narrow at this point. Again you get a good 
view of High Point and Rising Fawn Bluff, which 
together resembles a cross range of mountains. Turn- 
ing around toward the Inn you get a view of the 
whole part of the mountain that lies in Tennessee. As 
you leave the hill the road becomes more rugged, but 
the ride is short. 



LULAH LAKE. 

Not far from the side of Lulah Lake, that is 
nestled down in the pretty ravine in the mountain, 
you may leave your carriage. Cross the creek above 
the rapids called Woodbine Falls, that is about thirty- 
five feet high, so named on account of the woodbine 
that blooms in the spring on either side of the falls in 
great abundance ; great quantities of honeysuckle is 
also found there. Then you can follow the footpath 
around the lake to the base of Lulah Falls where you 
can enter a cavern back of the falls which is a cool 
and delightful spot. Rock Creek enters the lake 
through a deep ravine. The lake resembles a large 
basin filled with clear blue water, about fifty feet deep 
and three hundred feet in circumference. The waters 



LULAH LAKE. 45 

of the lake flow over a sloping ledge, then dash three 
hundred feet down to the bare rock below, finding its 
way down the east side of the mountain. If you will 
return and cross Rock Creek again you may climb to 




LuLAH Falls.— Lookout Mountain. 



that high projecting rock which will afford you a 
splendid view of Chickamauga Bluff, and the Valley 
of Chickamausra. 



46 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

THE LOOKOUT WATER WORKS. 

The water that is forced into the standpipe sev- 
enty feet high and twelve feet in diameter, a few feet 
south of the Inn, and supphes all that part of the 
mountain, is the clear sparkling water of Evylin Falls 
in the Water Works Cave on the north side of the 
mountain. 

The success in this project is due to the untiring 
efforts of Mr Chas. Cravens Anderson, a grandson 
of the late Robert Cravens, of Lookout Mountain. 
Mr. Anderson is an energetic citizen of Chattanooga, 
who was born in the old Cravens house that was shat- 
tered to the ground during the late war. 

This scheme was his original idea, and though 
laughed at and discouraged and called visionary by 
experienced men he persisted, and after approaching 
many capitalists who gave him no encouragement, he 
finally succeeded in interesting some Philadelphia 
capitalists who in 1886 founded wdth him a stock 
company and proceeded to carry out Mr. Anderson's 
ideas. Before their plans were completed they closed 
a lease with the Chattanooga Water Company, bind- 
ing the purchasers to operate the water works for 
fifty years. 

The discovery of the falls in this cave was made 
by a party of explorers. 

By original experiments with lighted balloons the 
altitude of the chamber was ascertained and the 
stream located. 



WATER WORKS CAVE. 47 

The surface of the mountain was then cross-sec- 
tioned, levels were run and finally a spot located 
under which the engineer stated the stream would be 
found. 

The surface of the mountain at that point was solid 
limestone. When the shaft was lowered through the 
rock about sixty-five feet they struck the top of the 
falls, that describes a semi-circle at the foot of the 
shaft. The fall was about four feet wide, and four 
inches deep ; its flow exceeded one and a half million 
gallons daily. 

A tunnel was driven from the bottom of the shaft 
northwest through the solid rock to the surface of 
the mountain, which is two hundred feet long, eight 
feet wide and six feet high, opening on the face of the 
mountain fifty feet below the shaft. Into this the 
water has been turned and carried in six inch pipe to 
the standpipe on the top of the mountain. This 
stream also supplies a part of the city through twelve 
inch mains. 

THE WATER WORKS CAVE. 
The Water Works Cave is situated in the front 
of the mountain not far from Moccasin Bend. It 
may be entered near the water's edge, a short dis- 
tance from the Nashville & Chattanooga bridge, but 
the entrance is small and you would be obliged to 
wade through considerable water before reaching the 
beauties of the cave. 



48 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

The better entrance is through the shaft by means 
of ladders that are perfectly secure. The shaft is 
located on the first bench of the mountain, about 
three hundred feet above the river, nearly opposite 
the toe of Moccasin Bend. 

By the first route, after advancing a quarter of a 
mile you find yourself in a spacious chamber beneath 
a gigantic dome, from the top of which once fell a 
magnificent stream of cold sparkling water called 
Evylin Falls. So great was its fall that much of it 
was wasted in the spray before it reached the bottom, 
but the stream is now turned off and utilized on the 
mountain and in the city. 

By descending the shaft sixty-five feet you are at 
the top of the falls and of this mighty dome which is 
fully two hundred and thirty feet deep. When illum- 
inated it reveals the most artistic drapery bespangled 
with stalactites. The perfection of nature's art on 
these walls is the envy of men Here and there as if 
swung from beneath its graceful curtains are many 
striking resemblances to nature; among them is the 
perfect form of a wild duck suspended against the 
wall from beneath a finished drapery. 

From where you now stand you can make your 
way to another chamber two hundred yards back of 
the shaft. The passage is difficult and the water knee 
deep. At one point the roof seems to join the floor 
and you are compelled to lift yourself through a little 
hole into the roof with water pouring on all sides 



WATER WORKS CAVE. 49 

from the beautiful cascade and then crawl along the 
deep stream, finally to emerge into a chamber larger 
than the mighty dome. Here nature surrounds you 
in all her grandeur and sublimity. The chamber is 
filled with massive boulders. Gigantic stalagmites rise 
from the floor like immense pillars, the bases tassel- 
lated with myriads of stalactites bedazzled with jewels. 

A lake of the purest, coldest mountain water is 
formed in the center of the room, and at its mouth a 
strong stream pours madly, lashing over high rocks 
and gushing through small aperatures slides along the 
level bench and then falls in terrific force for ten 
feet with a roar hke distant thunder. 

Here also stands a stalagmite in the form of a 
little Indian woman with her baby on her back and 
jeweled shawl draped gracefully about them, as well 
as many other wonders. 

The walls of this chamber are finely fluted in 
small scollops as if a small pinking iron had been 
driven down perpendicularly over every inch of the 
5olid sides. 

As yet the end has never been reached so that its 
size cannot be estimated. 

A short distance west of the shaft on the Nash- 
ville Road is another mighty dome as yet unexplored, 
not far from the Old Lookout Cave. 



50 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

LEGEND OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

One morning in midsummer, wandering over 
Lookout Mountain in northern Alabama, I chanced 
upon a spot so beautiful that I was forced to stop and 
look about me. Everywhere the most profound sol- 
itude. Not a trace of the hand of man could I see. 
Birds flitted from twig to twig, and the air was 
filled with song. Squirrels balanced themselves on 
the limbs of the trees and played hide and seek among 
the branches. Rabbits came leaping along through 
the under-brush with no fear of the hunter's gun. A 
little mountain stream sang idly on its pebbly way to 
the river in the valley ; while the grain ripened in the 
valley below shown and shimmered in the morning 
sun. Here and there a rock reared its gray head to 
which the trees seemed to bow in the breeze. The 
grass and flowers, and every tiny shrub were glisten- 
ing with the dew which the sun had not yet kissed 
away. I instinctively bowed my head. 

As I stood thus sinking into a speculative mood, 
I was aroused by the sharp bark of a dog, which 
came running toward me along a path I had not seen 
before, so hidden was it by the tall grass. The dog 
came close to me and rubbed his nose against my side 
in a very friendly way. 

"This means that some human being is near," I 
said to myself, and taking one long last look at the 
beautiful scene, I followed my friend into the depth 
of the forest. Hid away among the mountain ash, 



LEGEND OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 5 I 

the maple and the oak, I found a cabin. Still fol- 
lowing my dumb guide, I entered. To my sur- 
prise, I saw an Indian, wrapped in his blanket, sitting 
before a wood fire burning on the hearth, as if asleep. 
The dog went to him and rubbed against his withered 
hand. The Indian was at least a hundred years old. 
With a low growl the animal crept into his arms, 
awaking him. The old man seemed to understand, 
for looking around, he motioned me to an old splint- 
bottomed chair, then sank back to sleep. 

There came trooping into my memory shadowy 
recollections of weird stories I had heard of Chatta- 
nooga, Lookout, Walden's Ridge and Sand Moun- 
tain, which might now be verified or refuted by this 
living witness of an almost forgotten past In a 
minute or two he again aroused ; but at first, paid 
little attention to my questions concerning himself 
and his race. His mind, however, seemed unim- 
paired and I patiently awaited his time. At last his 
eye kindled — he was interested. And he told me 
the story which I will repeat as nearly in his own 
words as I can. 

He was a chief of the Cherokees ; but when his 
people went west, he could not be induced to go with 
them. He staid on the mountain he loved, in the 
state to which his people had given name — Alabama. 

He said : " My days are as the leaves of the for- 
est, and I listen for the call of the Great Spirit to the 
happy hunting grounds where my braves are await- 



52 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

ing my coming. My people have wandered far from 
the home of their fathers and as I sit here alone in 
my cabin on the mountain I can hear the voices of 
papooses playing, wise men in council, and warriors 




Lookout Cave. — Lookout Mounts- 



in battle. The spirits have hidden these voices in the 
trees to cheer the solitude of my old age." 

"Tell me about your people, and where were 
your villages in the old days?" I asked. 



LEGEND OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 53 

" Where the Tennessee murmurs of peace, past 
the palisades where the maiden sat and listened to the 
songs of love, while the waters kissed the rocks at her 
feet. In the beautiful valley, and on the slopes of 
Walden's Ridge — there my people lived and dreamed 
of peace when there was no peace. Even the river 
when it passed through the valley became angry, and 
its waters beat with fury on the rocks below*, as it 
flowed to the mound of shellsf, near the cave where 
the evil spirit dwells;|;. 

"Around the camp fires my father used to tell 
how they came to own the hunting grounds along 
the banks of the river. They journeyed from a far 
distant country until they found a people that lived 
on the plain§. 

"There were no mountains there, but great for- 
ests, with trees that hid the Heavens, so tall they 
grew. Here these people had built a house from 
the stones over which the river flowed. The chief of 
the Cherokees wedded the queen of the strange 
tribe, and the Great Spirit was very angry. The sun 
hid its face behind the clouds for many months. 



='•= The "Suck," a narrow gorge through which the Tennessee River flows a 
short distance below Chattanooga. 

t Shellmound, a curious deposit of mussel shell, forming a bar nearly 
across the river. Th - cause is unexplained, except it is said by legend to have 
been made by Indians as a ford. 

I Nick-a-jack Cave, where, during the Revolutionary War a band of 
robbers made headquarters, fi om which they carried raids against the refugees 
fleeing from King's Mountain, in North Carolina. 

^ An ancent people, of whose existence there are conclusive evidences 
throughout this section ; two walled cities being partly excavated, one in Polk, 
county, and the other in Walker county, Georgia. 



54 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUMTAIN. 

The earth trembled, and the Evil Spirit rose from 
the waters and closed the eyes of all the people so 
they could not see. The earth groaned in anguish 
and the heavens wept''^. When the Great Spirit 
was pleased again, the sun shone, and where there 
had been plains, mountains lifted their head on every 
side; and the Cherokees were on a mountain topf ; 
and the strange tribe they had found were in the earth 
where a cave X had been made for them. 

**The Cherokees visited them there but could 
see no one, but they could hear the voices in the 
earth. 

*'The mountains quarreled over which should rule 
the valley ; and there was one that swelled with pride 
and tried to drive the others away§. But the Great 
Spirit came in anger and humbled it by taking away 
the trees and making it stand with bare head under 
tjie sun and stars||. 

''After this peace was declared among the moun- 
tains and the Evil Spirit was driven from the river 
and dwelt in a cave.**" 



=■= Th^ Indian account of the formation of these mountains, 
t Walden's Ridge. 

I This cave is on Raccoon Mountain. It is a natural curiosity, but has 
never been explored. The opening is on the summit and is perpendicular The 
earth is a crust, and sounding lines show a cav( rn one hundred and fifty feet in 
depth A rumbling noise can be heard not unlike the sound of voices, which 
has given it the name of '* The Haunted Cave." 

§ Lookout Mountain. A similar legend exists among the Choctaws. 

II Point Lookout. 

-■="• Either Nick-a-jack Cave or the Black Hole of Citico, thirty six miles 
below Chattanooga. 



LEGEND OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 55 

•'My people were happy on the mountain, till 
the pale face came, fleeing from his brothers.*" 

The red man was his protector, and kept them 
safe from the robbers in the cave of the evil spirit. 
Bad Indians built villages at the foot of the great 
mountain, and- went into a war with the robbers 
against the pale faces and the Cherokees. The pale 
faces and the Cherokees lived together in peace, and 
our warriors drove the bad Indians away. 

"The stars were on fire one night and many of 
them fell to the earthf. The waters raged and 
the moon turned pale ; and all the people fled from 
the valley to the mountain where the campfires of the 
Cherokees burned 

'*One there was, of us, like the dawn of the 
morning — Aneta, the pride of the tribe, the daughter 
of the chief medicine man She was as fleet as the 
wind ; beautiful as the sky at the setting of the sun ; 
graceful as a fawn ; her voice was as the music of the 
waters ; her eyes were as the star ; and her smiles 
were as the beams of the sun. Aneta was wooed by 
all the warriors; but she laughed at their wooings. A 
pale face came to the medicine lodge and he, too, 
loved Anita. They wandered together by the banks 
of the river ; they sung the songs of the forest ; they 
gathered the wild flowers of the mountain and wore 

* After the battle of King's Mountain a great many refugees came to 
this section. The Cherokees were friendly while the Choctaws were hostile, 
joining the robbers or renegade whites already referred to. 

t " Fal'ing Stars" or meteors. 



$6 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

them in wreaths upon their heads. Then did the 
fires kindle in the breast of the warriors ; and one 
followed Aneta and her pale face lover to the rocks 
where the river beats against the sides of the moun- 
tain. Aneta stood clasped in the arms of her lover 
singing like a bird to its mate; and the warrior rushed 
from his ambush, and threw them into the waters below. 
They sank and were never seen again. But the voices 
of Aneta and her lover could long be heard singing 
their mating song above the sound of the waters*. 

**The Great Spirit was very angry and he sent the 
robbers from the cave, and a strange tribe of red men 
from the mountains. Their ears were like horns ; 
their nostrils sent out blue flames, and red fire came 
from their mouths, and they drove us from our happy 
hunting ground and we wandered to the South, and 
found a place of rest, and named it Alabamaf. 

" But there was no rest. The pale faces came 
and built towns on our hunting grounds, and my 
people wandered toward the setting sun and I only 
am left." 

BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

SEPTEMBER I9-2O, 1 863. 

Probably the hardest fighting of the war was done 

* Maiden's Rock, near the " Suck." There is another legend that on 
stormy nights a white-robed figure can be seen standing on this rock with hands 
clasp d as if in prayer. 

f The Cherokees are said to have given the name Alabama, '' Here we 
rest;' and the impression prevails among the Indians as we'l as among the 
whites. 



BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 57 

at Chickamauga, beyond Missionary Ridge, Septem- 
ber 19 and 20, 1863. 

Gen. Bragg reached Chattanooga in July, 1863, 
when he at once commenced fortifying his positicn, 
uhich work he steadily prosecuted for some weeks. 
Bragg fully appreciated the importance of holding 
this position, it being the gateway of the South. The 
Union troops were expected to come down the Se- 
quachee Valley and for this Bragg was fully prepared 
to concentrate his forces. 

The Union troops under Rosecrans advanced to 
the Tennessee river west and southwest of Chatta- 
nooga and crossed at four points, then they rapidly 
concentrated and advanced northeast toward Chatta- 
nooga ; the enemy met them between Chickamauga 
Creek and Missionary Ridge. Here the fiercest battle 
of the war took place. The first day's fight was inde- 
cisive. About noon the next day the Federal line 
became broken from the movement of troops to help 
the left wing then hard pressed. Longstreet seized 
the opportunity, pushed a brigade into the gap and 
swept the Federal right and center from the field. 
The rushing crowd of fugitives bore Rosencrans him- 
self away Rosencrans consulted Garfield who ad- 
vised him to hurry to Chattanooga to reorganize his 
army, while Garfield pushed to the front to rally the 
scattered lines. This was the great mistake of the 
battle for the Union troops. Had Rosencrans gone 
to the front to rally his men and Garfield gone to 



58 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

Chattanooga the result of the battle might have been 
different. 

In this crisis the success of the Union troops de- 
pended on the left under Thomas. If that yielded 
the army would be utterly routed. All the afternoon 
the Confederate army surged against it. But Thomas 
held fast and because of his firm stand at this battle 
he has since been called "The Rock of Chicka- 
mauga." The night of September 20th he delib- 
erately withdrew to Chattanooga, picking up five 
hundred prisoners on his way. The Union army, 
however, defeated in the field was now shut up in its 
entrenchments, Bragg occupied the hills command- 
ing the city and cut off its communications, so the 
Union troops were threatened with starvation. 



BATTLE OF CHATTANOOGA. 

NOV. 24-25, 1863. 

Grant having been appoi \ted to command the 
Mississippi division, hearing of the conduct of af- 
fairs at Chickamauga immediately put Thomas in 
command of Rosecrans army. Affairs soon wore a 
different aspect. Hooker came with two corps from 
the Army of the Potomac twenty-three thousand 
strong, the Confederates did not know of this change 
of base until Ho:>ker appeared in front Sherman 
hastened by forced marches from luka, two hundred 
miles away. Communications were re-established. 
Thom\s made a dash and seized Orchard Knob Nov. 



BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE. 59 

23. The day was bright, the Union troops under 
Thomas appeared to be on dress parade. The bands 
were playing the hvehest music. The Confederates 
watching from the Missionary Ridge and Lookout 
Mountain were surprised to see these troops break in- 
to a double quick and take possession of Orchard 
Kn b. 

The following day Hooker charged the fortify 
catons on Lookout Mountain. 



BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS. 

NOV. 24, 1863. 

While the main attack was progressing under 
Sherman on the left, Hooker on the right had been 
pressing the enemy on the north and west slope of 
Lookout Mountain. 

From Sunset Rock a telescopic watch was con- 
stantly kept in the direction of Bridgeport. From 
this point of observation the head of Sherman's col- 
umns were plainly seen on the morning of the 23rd. 

Osterhaus finding that he could not cross the 
Tennessee in time to engage in the movement with 
Sherman, reported with his division to Hooker, who 
was then ordered to take these troops with Geary's 
division, and Whittaker's and Gross' brigades of the 
first division of the Fourth Corps under Cruft and 
make a strong demonstration on the northern slope of 
the mountain, drawing Bragg's attention to this point 
and away from Sherman while crossing the river and 
getting into position. 



6o GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

Thomas instructed Hooker if he was able to carry 
the enemy's position here to do so. 

At four a. m. of the 24th, Hooker reported his 
troops in readiness to begin the movement. As he 




Field of Battle Above the Clouds. 



advanced he found Lookout creek so swollen with the 
recent rain that he could not cross without building a 
temporary bridge at the main road. 

He then sent Geary with two divisions and Whit- 



BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS. 6 1 

taker's brigade of Cruft's command up the creek to 
effect a crossing at Wauhatchie Geary crossed the 
creek near the Georgia line, swept down the west 
side of the mountain toward the Point, back of the 
Confederates. This they did in the dense fog unob- 
served and were stationed along the west side imme- 
diately below Roper's Rock and the Lookout Point 
at the rear of the Confederate forces while the Con- 
federates were trying through the mist to watch the 
movements of Hooker's army building the bridge 
near the mouth of Lookout creek. 

The Confederate forces on the slope and top of the 
mountain were under Stevenson, with a command of 
six brigades posted mainly on the northern slope 
midway between the Palisades and the Tennessee Riv- 
er on the slope of cultivated land. 

A continuous line of earthworks had been con- 
structed with redoubts and pits lower down the slope 
with reference to an assault from the direction of the 
river. On each flank were rifle-pits, epaulements 
for batteries, walls of stone and abatis as a protection 
against attacks from either Chattanooga or Lookout 
Valley. In these valleys were still more extensive 
earthworks. As Geary moved down on the right 
bank of the creek he soon encountered the Confed- 
erate's pickets. These gave the alarm at once, when 
their troops formed in the breast works and rifle-pits. 
All these positions were soon covered by artillery 
planted by Hooker's orders. 



62 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

He then sent Wood's brigade of Osterhaus's di- 
vision about eight hundred yards up the creek to 
build another bridge, and directed Cruft to leave a 
small command at the first bridge to attract the at- 
tention of the enemy, and ordered the rest of Grose's 
brigade to cross with Wood's. This bridge was com- 
pleted at eleven o'clock when the troops under Wood 
and Grose crossed and joined Geary's men, who had 
driven the enemy toward the point. 

Under cover of heavy artillery fire the entire line 
advanced pressing the Confederates steadily back who 
in their retreat, fell upon Geary's force. At noon 
Geary's advance drove the Confederates around the 
peak of the mountain. Here Geary was ordered to 
halt and reform his command but having the enemy 
on the run he pressed forward and drove them, flee- 
ing panic stricken and in disorder. 

Cobham's and Ireland's brigades on the high 
ground on the right, near the Point, pressed on roll- 
ing their lines up on the flank, closely supported by 
Whittaker's and Creighton's brigades. 

The Confederates had been reinforced but were 
not able to resist the sweep of Hooker's troops as 
they rounded the crest of the mountain at the 
Cravens' house, where his enemy made their last 
stand. From here with their lines all broken and in 
route they were driven over the old road that leads 
from the Cravens house into Chattanooga Valley. It 
was 2 p m., and at this time the mist that had been 



BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS. 63 

hanging over the mountain all the day settled still 
lower down. Hooker, unable to see beyond his im- 
mediate front, placed his troops in position, threw up 
temporary breastworks, with his line on the east side 




Turtle Rock.— Lookout Mountain. 



of the mountain, the right resting at the Palisades, 
and the left near the mouth of Chattanooga Creek. 
Hooker then reported to Thomas who ordered Carlin 
with his brigade to report to him, when he was placed 



64 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

on the extreme right, reheving Geary's troops. Dur- 
ing the night the Confederates opened a heavy fire 
on Hooker's right as if intending to break the Fed- 
eral hnes. But the attack was well repulsed, Carlin's 
brigade taking an active part. The enemy left the 
mountain at twelve o'clock that night. Fourteen 
hundred Codfederates were made prisoners and taken 
to Rock Island, 111. The number killed and wounded 
is not known. 

Early in the morning before daylight, in anticipa- 
tion of the Confederates' retreat, Hooker called for 
volunteers among his troops to scale the heights and 
re onnoiter on the top of the mountain.. Captain 
Wilson, of the Eighth Kentucky, carried the flag and 
was the first to reach the summit followed by five 
others. These six men made the ascent at Roper's 
Rock on the west side of the Point where the rocks 
are almost perpendicular and the ascent of one hun- 
dred and twenty feet almost an impossibility. One 
hundred and fifty feet from where these six brave 
men reached the top they planted the American Flag 
over the Point that floated over Lookout's hoary 
head and proclaimed the victory of the Union troops 
on Lookout. 

The remaining soldiers that reached the top fol- 
lowed the Craven's road around the eastern side of the 
mountain. The next morning; Hooker advanced on 
the south of Mission Ridge. 



'!=. 



THE OLD CRAVENS HOUSE. 65 

THE OLD CRAVENS HOUSE. 

The old Cravens House so well known by the 

soldiers, was situated on the fertile slope below the 

Point on the north side of the mountain. This 

house, w^hich was shattered to the ground during the 




BroAd Gauge Railroad — Lookout Mountain. 

late war by the shells of the contending armies, was 
the home of the late Robert Cravens before the war, 
also the headquarters of General Walthall when the 
Confederates occupied the mountain, and later when 
the Union troops took possession, the ruins became 
the headquarters of General Hooker. 



66 



GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 



Robert Cravens, with his famih^ was compelled 
to abandon his home for many months. On their re- 
turn they hved one winter in the stone cellar covered 
with a part of the roof which was all that remained 
of their old home. The following summer a new 
house was erected on the same spot that somewhat 
resembled the old one. 

Beneath this house and within the stone walls of 
the cellar, a clear stream of freestone water leaps 
from between two huge rocks imbedded in the moun- 
tain sides. The stone troughs and basins that were 
made by an Irishman during the war are still used by 
the family. The system of water works that supplies 
this house is perhaps the most rustic and peculiar in 
this section of the country. 

The o'd doorway of this spring house still stands 
and below aie the names and initials that were carv- 
ed by the soldiers during the war on the casing of the 
old bp'ing house door: 



S. F. C. D 

15 Mo. 
Tw. Co. 

C H S I D N J 

C. Cook 19 III. 

H. W. 

J. L. S I W Hugsbald 
J. E. V. 

J. H. Knevels 

II. Mich Inf 
F. B r i n n i n 
B A Y p 



Elmer Lewis 
K K W R T 

MB J A L 

PER 

F F 15 Mo Vol 
W. Geddis 
J F P 

H N T JAY 

A Y O J L G 

G W Rethuehem 
J M M w H w PA 
AB ^(^s JR 



THE OLD CRAVENS HOUSE. 6/ 

BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE. 

Sherman during the whole time had been heavily 
pounding away on the north flank at the northern 
end of Missionary Ridge. Grant, from his position 
on Orchard Knob, saw the Confederate line in front 
of him was being weakened to repel these attacks on 
the flanks, so Thomas' Corps was launched in the 
center. The signal for the attack had been arranged: 
six cannon shots fired at intervals of two seconds. 
The orders were to take the rifle pits at the foot of 
Missionary Ridge, then halt and reform; but the men 
forgot them all, carried the works at the base and 
then swept on up the ascent. 

•Grant caught the inspiration and ordered a grand 
charge along the whole front. Up they went with- 
out fireing a shot and heedless of the tempest hurled 
at them; in broken lines they surmounted the crest, 
captured the guns and turned them on the retreating 
foe. 

That night the Union camp fires glistened along 
the heights about Chattanooga, proclaiming the suc- 
cess of this most brilliant of Grant's achievements 
and the most picturesque of the battles of the war. 

HILL CITY OR THE NORTHSIDE. 

An electric car leaves the corner of Ninth and 
Broad streets every fifteen minutes, for Hill City and 
the top of Stringer's Ridge. This route affords one 
of the most picturesque rides about the city. 



6S GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

First you glide through the business portion of 
Chattanooga, thence out Wahiut street, and over the 
handsome steel bridge, two thousand three hundred 
and seventy feet in length, that spans the Tennessee 
river. Leaving the bridge you pass through Hill 
City, the highest and most accessible of Chattanoo- 
ga's suburbs. The beautiful homes resting high on 
the sloping hills far above the danger line of all 
floods, seems to invite you to a place of safety. But 
the car carries you beyond, over a beautiful country 
to the top of Stringer's Ridge, which is at present 
the end of the line. This station is called Vallom- 
brosia, and from this position a glorious view can be 
obtained of the city and valleys around, Lookout 
Mountain and Cameron Hill, Missionary Ridge and 
the Tennessee River winding its way far to the south- 
west and rushing through the Suck between Walden's 
Ridge and Raccoon Mountain. 

Not more than one thousand feet east of Vallom- 
brosia is Fort Wilder, in a better state of preserva- 
tion than any of the forts around Chattanooga. 

Still farther to the east, only a short distance, 
is Fort Hill. 

It is only a matter of a short time when this line 
will reach Walden's Ridge, which will give easy ac- 
cess to all the bountiful blessings of this rich and won- 
derful mountain. 

Hill City is the nearest of any of the suburbs, be- 
ing only a pleasant walk from the business portion of 



walden's ridge. . 69 

the city, over well paved streets. It is not separa- 
ted from the city by any railroad, and is located high 
on the brows of many beautiful hills, the slopes of 
which nature has covered with shade trees. Every 
elevation affords a grand view of the surrounding 
country. This is a favorite location for homes as the 
air is so free from malaria. But a few miles north- 
west of this suburb lies Walden's Ridge with its inex- 
haustible beds of coal, rich iron ore, sandstone, ex- 
cellent timber, and its wonderful health giving springs 
of chalybeate water. 



WALDEN'S RIDGE. 
On the north side of the Tennessee River about 
seven miles from the city of Chattanooga is a prong 
of the Cumberland Mountains that rises two thous 
and two hundred feet above the level of the sea 
This elevation extends north-east and south-west, and 
has long been known as Walden's Ridge. 

ORIGIN OF THE NAME. 

There are many theories as to the origin of this 
name ; it is said that in the early days of Virginia, 
when the white people were driving the Indians out 
of that country, that a Scotchman named John Wald- 
ing commanded a posse of settlers and started in pur- 
suit of a tribe of Cherokees who had captured a 
beautiful white girl living in the western part of Vir- 
ginia. The chief of this tribe was called Moccasin, 
for whom Moccasin Gap was named ; he was an un- 



70 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

commonly large Indian with a very large foot. Wald- 
ing and his men followed this tribe in hot pursuit as 
far as Moccasin Gap on Walden's Ridge where they 
rescued the helpless captive and returned her to her 
people. These Virginians named this spur of the 
mountains after their leader, Walding, from which 
comes a corruption of the word, Walden. 

By examining the county records we learn that 
the name of this ridge is spelled W-a-l-d-e-n-'s at as 
early a date as August 25, 1819, and the name was 
fixed by an act of the Legislature at that time. 
There are various spellings at different dates but the 
most probable origin is that it is a corruption of the 
word Walding ; if this be untrue we are unable to 
learn from whom or by whom it was named. 

FORMATION 

Walden's Ridge is composed of conglomerate 
rock which gives out at Dayton It is a coal forma- 
tion and belongs to the carboniferous age, so as a mat- 
ter of course, its soil is light. The front of the 
mountain is nothing but sandstone. 

SIZE AND SURFACE. 

It is eighty miles long from the head of Emery 
Gap to Signal Point and averages about twelve miles 
in width. Its general average is one thousand feet 
above the valleys on either side. The mountain sets 
tilted as a table lifted on one side ; the western side 
being an upheaval which is three hundred feet higher 
than the eastern brow ; thus all water that falls on 



walden's ridge. 71 

this ridge is thrown off the eastern side. As a con- 
sequence of this, gulfs are cut by the water in the 
soft sand rock. Interrupted by these gulfs spurs 
tower to a height of two thousand two hundred feet 
above the sea. Were it not for this upheavel of the 
western side this height of land would be a plateau 
ten miles across from bluff to bluff. The top of the 
mountain is rolling but lays well enough for agricul- 
turial purposes. 

This ridge is wrapped in interesting curiosities 
in the form of stone houses, artesian wells, towering 
rocks, and springs. 

LOCH LLEUELLA. 

Loch Lleuella lies about a mile from Rocky City ; 
it is almost a perfect circle covering several acres in 
area. It receives its name from two brothers named 
Parkes, who were of Welch descent and who lived 
long and alone on this ridge with their little families. 

For many years they owned this lake and the land 
around it. 1 he wives of these brothers were named 
Lieu and Ella ; for them this lake was named Loch 
Lleuella, which translated is Lake Lou Ella. The 
lake is approached only on the east side ; the north 
and west sides are precipitous, while the south side is 
very bushy. Many spruce trees are found in this 
vicinity. The water of this lake is as clear as crystal; 
no scum ever gathers on its surface. It has evidently 
a subterranean inlet and outlet. It is said to rise and 
fall with the tide. 



72 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

HANGING ROCK. 

Fifteen hundred feet west of Loch Lleuella is a 
huge rock leaning over a steep descent, called Hang- 
ing Rock. It is two hundred feet long and averages 
thirty feet in width. Trees as large as a man grow 
upon this rock. This massive weight is supported by 
a natural fulcrum. The breaking off of so large a 
rock might have been caused by some convulsion, 
and it is also possible that the water percolating 
through a small crevice may have brought about this 
phenomenon. 

ANOTHER WONDER. 

One huge rock is left between Merrian and West 
Suck Creek towering four hundred and fifty feet in 
height. It is comglomerate rock, has a regular sur- 
face, measuring across the widest place twenty-five 
feet, and rests on a pedestal of not more than three 
cubic feet. It is a huge rock, and the weight on all 
sides being nearly equalized it still remains solid on its 
slender base. 

ROCK HOUSES. 

To locate and describe the many interesting caves 
of this mountain would be impossible in this short 
article. One is found where Cane and Kell Creeks 
unite that is one thousand feet in length ; another is 
found at the bend of Cane Creek one-half mile east 
of the county line ; it is five hundred feet down from 
the surrounding surface, and was undoubtedly the 
home of a gang of counterfeiters many years ago, as 



WALDEN S RIDGE. 73 

their hearth is still there and many of their tools and 
dies which they used for making money. On Coop- 
er's Creek, and on the county line, is another large 
stone house around which grows honeysuckle berries 
twice the size of the largest winter berries. 

Refugee Cave is situated only ten rods north of the 
Two Chimney ; it is a picturesque cave, and was so 
called because it has been the home of many a refugee 
both in time of war and in slavery days. 

Due west one and a half miles from Signal Point 
is a large cave, the third story of which is inhabited 
by white rats. On the edge of Middle Creek, be- 
tween the Suck and Signal Point, is a cave called 
Livery Stable. It will hold twenty head of horses 
and was used for a stable during the war. All these 
stone houses are supplied with spring water. 

SIGNAL POINT. 

Signal Point is situated on the extreme southwest 
brow of Walden's Ridge that confronts Lookout 
Mountain. It is two thousand two hundred feet 
above the sea and overlooks the river as it rushes 
through the Suck immediately below. From this 
point may be obtained a wide view of the most beau- 
tiful and varied scenery ever spread before the eyes 
of man. It was from this famous point that Sherman 
signaled his message of succor to the surrounded and 
starving Union troops in Chattanooga 

Many of the stoves and cooking utensils that the 
soldiers used are still at SignaUPoint. 



74 GUIDE TO LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

WAR INCIDENTS. 

Though Walden's Ridge did not gain any great 
notoriety as the scene of any great battle, it was im- 
portant as a signal station and in many other ways. 
Supplies from Stevenson, Alabama, were brought 
across this ridge, also large numbers of troops. Many 
soldiers who were taken sick in Chattanooga were 
sent to Burnt Cabin Springs where some wonderful 
recoveries took place. At one time the ridge was 
used for a convalescent camp for broken down army 
horses, which were put there to build up. They 
mended rapidly, owing to the excellent water and 
good grazing. 

BLAST FURNACE CHIMNEYS. 

One and a half miles east of Signal Point nature 
has formed two chimneys of rock fifty feet in height. 
They stand alone, four feet apart, measuring ten feet 
through their bases and tapering to about four feet in 
diameter at the top. 

ADVANTAGES. 

The advantages of Walden's Ridge are many. It 
is rich in timber, the trees being nearly all hard wood ; 
principally oak, chestnut and yellow pine. It is won- 
derfully rich in minerals, in fact it is one vast deposit 
of various kinds of minerals and is attracting the 
attention of Eastern capitalists. The soil is adapted 
to raising of fruit and vegetables of every variety. 

HEALTH AND SPRINGS. 

The springs of Walden's Ridge are fast becoming 



walden's ridge. 75 

celebrated for their healing quaUties : they are all 
chalybeate and freestone in their nature, some being 
impregnated with considerable sulphur, where more 
coal than iron exists, and others with copperas. 
From the many springs flow five distinct kinds of wa- 
ter, viz : blue and white sulphur, coperas, potash or 
alum, freestone, and iron. They comprise nearly 
every kind of mineral water known. There are also 
hot springs. The most celebrated of the chalybeate 
springs is Mabit. 

Trains leave the Central Depot at 4 o'clock every 
evening that will carry you to Cave Springs, a few 
miles out of the city; here a comfortable carriage 
awaits you, which will transfer you to the top of the 
ridge. The finest chalybeate water is found in this 
locality. All guests receive the most careful atten- 
tion at this hotel, known as the Sawyer House. 



'@. 



'<S 



:§>) 

'i^' 




HE GREAT CENTER OF ATTRACTION 



in Chattanooga to those ladies who 
are seeking first-class Dress Making, Mil- 
linery, Dress Goods, Silks, White Goods, 
Laces, Embroideries, Corsets, Underwear, 
Shirt Waists, Silk Skirts, Parasols, Sun 
Umbrellas, Fans, Fancy Goods of all kinds, 
Notions, Gloves of Newest Kinds, Dress 
Ginghams, Challies and all Wash Fabrics, 
Domestics, Gents' Furnishings and Table 
Linens, is — 



80^ Market St. 



:<2- 



'<d' 







i 



Kindness, reciprocity. 

Commerce makes 

Friends. 

Low prices and right 
treatment are sure to 
be appreciated, recip- 
rocated. 



dies 

of 
Our Busipess: 



All goods marked in plain figures. 

One price — that the lowest. 

All goods bought and sold on the lowest cash 
basis. 

All are welcome and kindly treated alike. 

All goods warranted as represented, and best 
sold for the money. 

Goods not satisfactory, can be returned, m 
reasonable time, exchanged or money re- 
funded. 

You are kindly invited to make our Store a 
visit of inspection and comparison of prices. 

Your correspondence requesting samples or 
information, kindly solicited, which will re- 
ceive prompt attention. 

Please remember we promise you a saving on 
your every purchase, at 

Wl^l lA — . . ^%#i^ CASH BARGAIN DEPOT, 
. N. KELLEY'S 807 MARKET STREET. 



Mission Ridge Land Company, 

BEAUTIFUL WELL SHADED PRO- ^.^ BLOCKS AND LOTS FOR SALE 

PERTY LYING ON WESTERN •^w)/' °^ "^^ TERMS HOUSES ON 

SLOPE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE. ^^^ INSTALLMENT PLAN-MONTHLY 

PAYMENTS. 

THIS SUBURB HAS ALL THE CONVENIENCES OF THE CITY. 

ELECTRIC AND BELT 
CARS RUN THROUGH 
THIS PROPERTY. 

Has Water Works and a Park for benefit of residents. 



For further information, address 

FRANKLIN HARRIS, Sec'y, 

729 Broad St. Chattanooga, Tenn. 

C. E. SEVERANCE, 

Ipuestmept Broker. 

(paps, 
StceKs 

/k( 3Y)d BOQdS 

BOXJO-HIT J^l^JD SOLID. 




34 First National Bank, CHATTANOOGA. 



JAMES <& CO. 

iili 

AND MILL SUPPLIES. 




mwf 



I 



Bar Iron, Steel, Roebling's Wire Rope, 

Spikes, Nails, Wheel and Drag Scrapers, 

Bolts, Nuts, Washers, Railroad Plows, 

Pipe and Fittings, Dynamite, Powder, 

Hose, Rubber and Fuse and Caps, 

Leather Belting. Electric Fuses, etc. 

Boilers, Enpes, Stean Fninps aM all iinfls Machinery 

Cor. 8th and Broad Streets, CHATTANOOGA, TENN. 

H. SCHWARTZ &BRO. 

FINE FOOTWEAR. 

Ladies/ Nlisses' & Children's 
High, and Low Shoes. 

Boys' 



Boys' ai^d ^006^ f^ Gompl(^t(? \\y)(^. 
Yoatb's ^ / ^ 



Temporarily located next to Opera House. 
Evans Ne-ve Bulldiner. 

H Schwartz & Bro. 



D. p.jlepdersopO^o. 

Booksellers, 



^ 



Stationers, 
Bewsbealers. 



SPECIALTIES : 








BLANK BOOKS, 
SCHOOL BOOKS, 
WRITING PAPERS, 


ENVELOPES, 
WALL PAPERS, 
PICTURE FRAMES 

MOULDINGS, 

POCKET CUTLERY, 
FINE STATIONERY. 



SOUVENIR ALBUNIS ' 

OK 

CHATTANOOGA AND LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN 



724: IVLarkiet St. 
Chattanooga, = = Tenn 



( l^attapoo^a * ^ I 

W. p. JENKINS, Manager and Treasurer. 



largest Stoch 

anb 

Best Hesortment 



OK 



Kine Sbioes. Oxfords, and 

Evening Slippers in 

tine Souithi. 



MAIL ORDERS HAVE PROMPT ATTENTION. 



(ghattanee^a ghee g©. 

SIGN, BLACK BEAR, 
803 MARKET STREET, 

Chattanooga, Tennessee. 



« 



ABNER L. ROSS. C. H. BREWSTER. 

Take Electric Cars from Central Depot to EigHtli street lor tlie 

MERCHANT'S HOTEL 

Corner 8th and Chestnut Sts., 
ROSS & BREWSTER, Proprietors. 

I^fiTBS, ?3 BEI^ Day. lookout mountain and camerom 

SPBGIAIi BY THE fflONiPH. hill in full view from hotel. 

Only one block from Union Depot. Porter at all trains 
Hand baggage free. Near electric cars to all points. 



Chattanooga, - - - - Tennessee. 




CHATTANOOGA. TENN. 



H. T. OLMSTED. C. V. BROWN. 

Southern Land & Loan Co. 

WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF 

I©®feo«l Mottwf fflitt ^p#ietf » 

City and Suburban Property, Improved Farms, Coal and Timber Lands For Sale. 

Taxes Paid, Property Rented, First-Class Loans and Other 
Desirable Investments Made. 



823 Georgia Avenue, Keystone Block. 

"^"""^S^ ,. C-...OO0. CHATTANOOSA, TENN, 



lull S, @a„R'8 



>^ ^^ ^^ NEW CAFE 



AND 



Ladies' 
Ice Cream 
Parlor 
Novv^ Open. 



THE HANDSOMEST PLACE 
IN THE CITY. 



717 Market St., 
ChATTANOOOA, - - TENN. 






jr)eaehing all chief points of historical inter- 
im est in and about Chattanooga. No smoke, 
V no dirt; a delightful, cool ride for pleasure 
"or sight seeing. 

Cars for Lookout Mountain leave the Union 
Depot every twelve minutes. 

For Missionary Ridge froni the corner of 
Broad and Ninth streets every even hour. 

All cars on Market street line go to the 
National Cemetery; also the Highland Park 
and Ninth street lines. 

Cars leave Broad and Ninth streets every 
ten minutes for National Cemetery, Orchard 
Knob, Highland Park, Ridgedale and East 
Lake. 

One of the most beautiful rides imaginable 
is over this line to the top of Missionary Ridge, 
the famous battle-field, and along the crest 
of the Ridge in full view of the city. The 
scenery is grand and beautiful. 

Do not fail to take a trip over this line. 

CHAS. A. LYERLY, E. WATKINS, 

PRESIDENT. VICE-PRESIDENT. 

S. W. DIVINE, A. J. BAIRD, 

GENL MANAGER AUDITOR. 



■VIA. THE] 



LOOKOUT mil EAILMY 



-THE- 



SHORT, QUICK AND POPULAR ROUTE 



-TO 



looKout/T\ou9tai9 



The scenery along the Hnes of this road is the 
grandest in America. 

Take electric cars in the heart of the city which 
will carry you to the foot of the mountain, making 
direct connections with incline cars. 

Time from Union and Central Depots to the top 
of Lookout Mountain, only 30 minutes. 

For information in regard to Picnic and Excursion 
parties, call on or address 
H. CLAY EVANS, F. M. DERRICKSON, 

Gen'l Manager. Superintendent. 



CH&D 



CINCINNATI.HAMILTON a DAYTON R, 



i 



WORLD'S mUINE 



CH&D 



ClNCINNATlHAMlLTQNa DAYTON R.R. 



THE 




iliOD & 





1 

"MONON" ROUTE 

Positively the only Pullman Vestibule Line with Dining Cars 

between Cincinnati, Indianapolis and Chicago. Lighted 

by Electricity and heated by Steam from the Engine. 



THE C. H.& D. R.R 

ONLY THROUGH CAR LINE 

Cincinnati to Dayton, Toledo, Detroit, 
St. Louis and Keokuk. 



The Finest Road Bed and Equipment in the 
World. 



E. 0. Mccormick, 

Gan'l Pass, and Ticket Agt. 



M. D. WOODFORD, 

Pres. and Gen'l Manager, 

Cincinnati, 0. 

WM. A. WIGGINS, Sou. Pass. Agent, 
20 Read House Block. CHATTANOOGA, TENM. 



'f^ 




STRANGER! 

YOU SHOULD VISIT 

THE 

ON 

LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 




War Relics of Every Description 

Gathered from off the Southern Battlefields. 

gookout gountain, gi66ion gidge, ^hickamauga, 

ghattanooga, gc6acca, ^Itoona pa66, 

|§ennc6av^ gountain, and other 

gouthern gattlcfield6. 

THIS PLACE IS THE MOST INTERESTING AND HISTORICAL POINT ON THE 
MOUNTAIN. 

Strangers especially invited. 

Telescope and Field Glasses in Observatory. 



6. M. BRADT & CO., Proprietors, Chattanooga, Tenn. 



LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, TENN, 



Wm. H. RUSSELL, Proprietor. 



This popular hotel is at the terminus of the Incline 
and Narrow Gauge Railway, about a mile from 
Lookout Point. Capt. VVm. H. Russell, of Con- 
necticut, is proprietor and manager. 

The cuisine is equal to any hotel in the country. 
Every home comfort and most liberally managed. 
It is a summer and winter resort for tourists, invalids 
and pleasure seekers. Thoroughly competent help 
has been secured in every department. Special rates 
by week or month. 

Many springs of clear, cool and health -giving 
waters abound in the Natural Bridge grounds. 

Attention is called to the correct analysis of two 
of them : 



CHALYBEATE WATER. 

GRAINS PER GAL. 



Silica 

Carbonate of Protoxide Iron 

Alumina . ... ... 

Oxide of Manganese . . 
Carbonate of Lime • ; • • 
Carbonate of Magnesia 
Sulphate of Magnesia . . 
Sulphate of Sodium . . 
Chloride of Sodium . . . 
Chloride of Patassium . . 
Total solids in solution 



0.3920 
2.1434 
0.3390 
0.3210 
I 9782 
o 7812 
I. 1232 
0.5226 
o 3080 
o. i960 
7 1046 



CAVE WATER. 



GRAINS PER GAL. 

0.378 

^4 



Silica ... 

Oxide of Iron o.o8^ 

Carbonate of Lime 0.487 

Sulphate of Magnesia 0.167 

Chloride of Sodium 0.212 

Chloride of Potassium 0.055 



Total sohds in solution 



1-575 



LOCATED IN THE HEART OF BUSINESS CENTER . 
THREE ELECTRIC CAR LINES PASS THE DOORS. 





A New Hotel on the 
European Plan. 

Fronting Market, Ninth 
and Cherry Sts. 

Office and Ladies' Entrance: 

No. 17 E. 9th. St. 

Entrance to Bar from Office, 

and Through B irber Shop 

on Market Street. 

Meals Served in Cafe. 

Large Sample Rooms for 
Commercial Men. 

?. "smpTsi-ln. J. F- Sl?ipp, Ou^rjer a^d ma^a^er. 



I^estadrar^t, 
Oyster a^d 
Ie<^ Q'eam parlor. 



ladiej 



^se^^ 



CHOICE FRUIIS, CONFECTIONERY, CIGARS & TOBAC 0. 

816 MARKET ST. TELEPHONE 492. 



) CHATTANOOGA ( 

C ^TIMES BOOK & JOB 0FF1CE."X > 

) ADOLPH S. OCHS, PBBP. ( 



Nashville, Chattanooga 
& St. Louis Railway 



J 



to and from Florida, Atlanta, Nashville, 
Louisville, Cincinnati, Chicago and all North- 
ern and Western points, via Chattanooga. 



Trains Daily between Nashville, Chattanooga and Louisvil 



OUR SPECIALTIKS 

THROUGH CARS ^:^;'1^?^^^;l.;«.j?:^^THR0DGH CARS 

tanooga and Memphis in connec- www.- «■■■<■* 

-lion with through sleepers. 

LOW RAT£S '"""^'H" ji^;r:|!ag G;So::"""" LOW RATES 

^UflBT T T\fP Ijetween Florida. Atlanta, Chattanooga and HMnnf T fM!l 

UAUivl Llili ^'- L°"'''' Chicago and North. Only one uhUKl Lll^L 

change of cars from Atlanta. »■■•■•■ ■iiih 

3 . 

2 Trains daily between Atlanta, Nashville, Memphis, Louisville, ■ 1 

Cincinnati, St. Louis and Chicago. * ^^ 

TliroMli Sleepers on all NigM Trains. Parlor Cars on M Trains, 

For Further Information Call on or Address, 
R C. COWARDIN, Southwestern Passenge Agent, Little Rock, Ark. 
J H LATIMER. Southern Passenger Agent, Atlania Ga. 
\V T. ROGERS, Southeastern Passenger Agent, Chnttanooga. Tenn. 
S. E. HOWELL, Ticket Agent, City Ticket Office, Chattanooga. Tenn. 
J\L S. RF.LFE. Ticket Agent. Union Depot, Chattanooea, Tenn. 
A H ROBINSON. Ticket Agent. City Ticket Office, Nashville, Tenn. 
W. W KNOX, Ticket Agent, Union Depot. Nashville, Tenn. 
R. D MANN, Ticket Agent, No. 4 Kimball House, Atlanta, Ga. 
CHAS. H. WALKER, ticket Aeent, Union Depot, Atlanta. Ga. 

W. L DAN LEY, Gen'l Pass. & Ticket Agt., 
W. F. MARCH, Ass't (ienT Pass. & Ticket Agt. 



, 30VS17 



/ 



